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Adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or noun phrase. It may either precede or follow a noun. Due to the fact that Jembesa is a head-final language, adjectives precede nouns in the language. In some of the languages (like Latin, French, German etc.), adjectives alter their form to … Continue reading Part of Speech (Adjective)
Reciprocal pronoun is used to express mutual action or relationship, and it is equal to English pronouns 'each other' and 'one another'. In Jembesa, reciprocal pronoun is jelka, and it is used for only dual and plural forms of personal pronouns. Ist Person Dual munoujellet jedoj pinnezzät jelgalla nődestä hilvän sébassa.'We were even too tired … Continue reading Reciprocal Pronoun
Possessive pronouns demonstrate ownership, and they are replaced by previously mentioned nouns in order to avoid repetition. To get possessive forms of personal pronouns, definite article (i/j') is added before a personal pronoun. Possessive Pronouns in Jembesa i ma: mine pabieliasta ongemal-inel-tonuella, i ma ollet kutta sarmen.'Compared with some one my friends' childhoods, mine was … Continue reading Possessive Pronouns
In Jembesa, possessivity is divided into two categories: possessive suffixes and possessive pronouns. Possessive Suffixes Possessive suffixes are added onto the words in noun class, and they turn into the forms in brakets under the process of affixation. Possessive Suffixes in Jembesa Ist Person Singular [-m(a/ä-)]:-m suffix is added onto the word in nominative form, … Continue reading Possessivity
Pronoun is a word which substitutes for a noun phrase. In Jembesa, there are seven kinds of pronouns: personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative. A pronoun can be marked with some features which a noun can take on: number, case, and enclitic; e.g. munnattu 'to both of us, too?' [1st person dual + illative case … Continue reading Part of Speech (Pronoun)
Grammatical article is a word type which is used with noun phrases, and there are two types of articles in Jembesa: definite and indefinite/partitive articles. Definite Article (i/j') Definite article is used to refer to a particular thing which has already been mentioned, or is known commonly. In Jembesa, articles is placed initially in a … Continue reading Part of Speech (Article)
simewoidesHave a Nice Weekend Essive Case (-j) A word in essive case takes -j suffix, and it expresses a temporary state or function. Moreover it gives the meaning of English preposition 'as'. peruta: lodger > perudaj: as lodger / peruduj: as two lodgers / perudej: as lodgers => noller ejenta i perudej. 'We are lodgers … Continue reading Grammatical Case V
Allative Case (-ssa, -ssä) A word in allative case takes -ssa or -ssä suffix according to the vowel harmony, and it expresses the direction of motion onto something. Moreover, it gives the meaning of English preposition 'onto'. naita: table > naidassa: onto table / naidussa: onto two tables / naidessa: onto tables => ajodet j'ödeliän … Continue reading Grammatical Case IV
pomasGood Afternoon Illative Case (-nna, -nnä) A word in illative case takes -nna or -nnä suffix according to vowel harmony, and it expresses the direction of movement into something. Moreover, it gives the meaning of English preposition 'into'. sanka: house > sanganna: into house / sangunna: into two houses / sangenna: into houses => j'opra it … Continue reading Grammatical Case III
labesHave a Good Day Instrumental-Comitative Case (-lla, -llä) A word in instrumental-comitative case takes -lla or -llä suffix according to vowel harmony, and it is the combination of instrumental case and comitative case. The former expresses the means or instrument with which something is done, while the latter denotes accompaniment. For both of the cases, English … Continue reading Grammatical Case II
Jembesa 